Immunology is the study of the body's immune system to recognize and eliminate harmful organisms and their components (in vitro invasion, the body) responses and mechanisms of science;Is the study of the immune system tolerance to self antigens, preventing autoimmune diseases of science;Is the study of the immune system dysfunction and disease pathogenesis and prevention science.
Immunology of human development in the fight against contagious diseases.So, do you clear milestones in the history of Immunology?The following list for you:
India doctors Sasrutha: Describes the sweetness of urine in diabetic patients
Greece Thucydides: plague patients had recovered can prevent re-infection
Islamic physician Rhazes: Tian Hua infection recovery for life
Chinese doctors: by nasal inhalation of smallpox pustules dry swarf, the immune
Edwar Jenner:The first boy against smallpox using cowpox vaccination
Friedrich Wonler:The first biological substances such as urea
Justus Liebig:Development of quantitative chemical analysis technology
Jons Benzelius:"Protein" terms proposed
Palu Ehrlich:Identification of mast cells, basic principles of immunity, side-chain antibody formation theory of antibody specificity
Ilya Mechnikov:Theory of phagocytosis, cell-mediated immunity theory
Louis Pasteur:First rabies vaccine, pathogen infection theory, theory of fermentation
Emilvon Behring:Use immune serum against diphtheria
Robert Koch:Tuberculin reaction of delayed allergic reaction
Jules Border:The lysozyme activity of antibody and complement
Rudolf Kraus:Toxin and antitoxin response, cloud and precipitation formation and precipitation of grain
Karl Landsteiner:Find a, b and O blood group system, the concept of Antigen and antibody and cell-mediated immune
Svante Arrhenius:"Immunochemical" terms proposed
Lloyd Felton & GH Bailey:Antibody protein chemical properties and separation
Michael Heidelberger & Forrest Kendall:Describes the immunoprecipitation reaction
Astrid Fagraeus:Confirmed plasma b cell antibody production
Alert Coons & NH Kaplan:The development of immuno-fluorescence technology
Richard Gershon & Francis Crick:Found that the suppressor t cell
Bruce Glick:Lymphocytes are cells and humoral immune effector cells
Morton Simonsen & W Dempster:Dog kidney rejection (Graft-versus-host reaction)
James Waston和Francs Crick:Described the double helix structure of DNA
A Isaaca & J Lindemann:Found virus-infected cell produces interferon
Jean Dausset:Discovered the human leukocyte antigen
Rosalyn Yalow:The development of RIA technology
Renato Dulbecco:Development of modern tissue culture technology
Rodney Porter & Gerald Edelman:IgG description of the structure of antibodies
Noel Warnel et al:The immune response of t and b cells in synergy
Juliana Mancini,Angelo Carbonara和Josef Heremans:Using radial Immunodiffusion method quantitative immunochemistry of antigens
Kimishige & Teruko Ishizaka:Confirm that IgE is a reactive antibody
Eva Engvall & P Perlman:ELISA development
Cesar Milstein & Georges Kohler: preparation of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology development
Frederich Sanger & Walter Gilbert: nucleic acid sequencing
WHO report: the worldwide eradication of smallpox
Of the immunosuppressant Cyclosporine found in 1983 and approved a revolutionary immunosuppressant drugs, which allows organ transplants from the routine operation of ancient fairy tales become reality.Organ transplant patients, particularly kidney and other organ transplantation escape Allo exclusion threshold of life and death, saved the lives of millions of patients.
Susumu Tonegawa,Hood et al:Find the genetics of antibody diversity, confirmed the immunoglobulin genes
Kary Mullis: the use of PCR technology to amplify DNA
United States national institutes of health and the Department of energy: launched the human genome project
Human genome project: the human genome sequence published
Molecular revolution: PCR and gene cloning of monoclonal antibody technology combined, genetically modified and applied to diseases;Genetic engineering to produce monoclonal antibodies for immunotherapy;Recombinant DNA vaccines, gene therapy